ABSTRACT
Introduction: Campylobacter-mediated diarrhoea is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis globally. A majority of the Campylobacter spp. that cause disease in humans have been isolated from animals. Faecal contamination of food and water is the identified frequent cause of human campylobacteriosis. Methodology: In the present study, faecal samples from patients with symptoms of acute diarrhoea (n = 310) and domestic animals including cows (n = 60), sheep (n = 45) and goats (n = 45) were collected from the same localities in the peri-urban Bhubaneswar city. Genomic DNA isolation followed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing was employed to analyse Campylobacter spp.-positive samples. Results: Of the 460 faecal samples, 16.77% of human samples and 25.33% of animal samples were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. Among animals, the isolation rate was highest in sheep followed by cows and goats with 9.33%, 8.66% and 7.33%, respectively. The highest number of Campylobacter-positive cases was diagnosed in infants of 2–5 years age. Concurrent infection of other pathogens in addition to Campylobacter spp. was frequently detected in the samples. Conclusion: The present study showed the incidence of Campylobacter infections in human and different animal species in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The analysis suggested that domestic animals can be the potential sources for human campylobacteriosis in the region.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The post-harvest deterioration is most vexing problems of sugar industry and these losses due to Leuconostoc spp. cause enormous depreciation in cane tonnage and recovery. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the invasion of Leuconostoc spp. in sugarcane. Methodology: Single internode is divided in three layers, viz., rind, first half and second half. Leuconsotoc spp. was grown and identified on specific growth media using juice from three portions of both the internodes (with cracks and without cracks) separately. Total Leuconostoc load, bacterial characterization, total soluble solids (TSS), reducing sugars (RS) and dextran were also determined. Results: The results revealed that cracked portions were incurred with Leuconostoc, however, rind layer had highest load followed by first half than the second half. More RS, high TSS and dextrans were quantified in cracked internode than without crack internode. Rind layer reported to have high RS, TSS and dextrans than the other portions. Interpretation: Canes possessing cracks had higher invasion of Leuconostoc spp., RS and dextran content than the ones lacking cracks leading to higher loss in sucrose content. Thus, there is a need to control these bacteria in sugarcane, especially in standing canes.